Cross-platform data migration and management

ABSTRACT

A cross-platform data migration method and a cross-platform data migration system include generating backup data of a virtual machine in a host system, identifying a first file format associated with backup data, converting the first file format associated with backup data into a platform-neutral file format associated with backup data, and storing the backup data in the platform-neutral file format in a first storage platform.

BACKGROUND

The volume and complexity of data that is collected, analyzed and stored is increasing rapidly over time. The computer infrastructure used to handle this data is also becoming more complex, with more processing power and more portability. As a result, data management and storage are becoming increasingly important. Significant issues associated with these processes can include data portability across data centers, different cloud platforms and reliable access to backup storage resources during data migration.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

Some embodiments are illustrated by way of example and not limited to the views of the accompanying drawing:

FIG. 1 depicts one embodiment of a networked computing environment in which the disclosed technology may be practiced, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 2 depicts one embodiment of the server of FIG. 1, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 3 depicts one embodiment of the storage appliance of FIG. 2, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 4 shows an example cluster of a distributed decentralized database, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 5 depicts a flowchart illustrating example data migration operations in a method, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B depict flowcharts illustrating example file format conversion operations in a method, according to some embodiments,

FIG. 7 depicts a block diagram illustrating an architecture of software, according to some embodiments.

FIG. 8 illustrates a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the form of a computer system within which a set of instructions may be executed for causing a machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, according to some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The description that follows includes systems, methods, techniques, instruction sequences, and computing machine program products that embody illustrative embodiments of the present disclosure. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of example embodiments. It will be evident, however, to one skilled in the art that the present inventive subject matter may be practiced without these specific details.

It will be appreciated that some of the examples disclosed herein are described in the context of virtual machines that are backed up by using base snapshots and incremental snapshots, for example. This should not necessarily be regarded as limiting of the disclosures. The disclosures, systems and methods described herein apply not only to virtual machines of all types that run a file system (for example), but also to NAS devices, physical machines (for example Linux servers), and databases.

In existing data management systems, when migrating data across different storage platforms, users may need to export data manually from one storage platform and import the data to another storage platform. Oftentimes, the source storage platform reads and processes data in a proprietary file format that is not compatible with the target storage platform. This is often largely due to the innate structure of the file itself. In order to correctly and efficiently export or extract data from the source storage platform to the target storage platform, an extra step of conversion of the source file format is required. The overall manual process involved in data migration may include exporting data from a source storage platform, converting source file format of the data to a file format that is compatible with the target storage platform, and importing the data of the converted file format to the target storage platform. It is not only time consuming and prone to errors and delays, but also inefficient as it may require coordination with different internal and external teams. This data inertia can create challenges for customers, especially where they feel locked into a particular platform.

In addition, in order to avoid a need to deal with data file format conversion to combat compatibility issues between storage platforms, users are limited to a specific set of intercompatible storage services, oftentimes operated by the same storage service provider. Thereby, their ability to choose from other storage service providers is constrained.

Various embodiments described herein relate to a cross-platform data migration system. The system integrates the processes of data export or extraction from a source storage platform, data file format conversions, and data import to a target storage platform into an automatic and seamless data backup process. During the process of file format conversion, the system converts a proprietary file format on the fly into a platform-neutral file format that can be consumed by a database in another proprietary storage platform. This way, users may choose any storage platform provided by any storage service provider without being locked in with a specific service provider due to file format compatibility issues.

In some embodiments, the cross-platform data migration system may be a software-level component of a storage appliance in a data center in a networked computing environment, such as the networked computing environment 100 in FIG. 1. In some embodiments, the cross-platform data migration system may be integrated into a data management system for managing virtual machines and data backups in the storage appliance.

In some embodiments, the cross-platform data migration system identifies a first file format associated with backup data of a virtual machine at a particular point in time. The virtual machine may reside in the host system (e.g., on-premises data center), or in a cloud-based storage platform supported by a third-party cloud service provider. The backup data may include one or more snapshots (e.g., base snapshots or incremental snapshots) that are generated based on a frequency provided under a Service-Level Agreement (“SLA agreement”). The SLA agreement ensures service level consistency for one or more clusters of nodes. A snapshot may be captured in any pre-determined time interval, such as every 1 minute, every 1 hour, or every 30 days. The pre-determined time interval depends on the SLA consistency requirement outlined in the SLA agreement.

In some embodiments, the cross-platform data migration system identifies a file format (e.g., the first file format) associated with the backup data. A file format is a particular way to encode information for storage in a computer system. File formats may be either proprietary or open to the public. When a file format is proprietary, the backup data generated in such a file format may not be directly consumed by another storage platform of a different service provider. Therefore, a conversion of proprietary file format associated with the backup data is required before exporting the data onto another storage platform. In some embodiments, the file format associated with backup data is converted into a platform-neutral file format In some embodiments, the file format associated with backup data is converted into a file format that is compatible with a specific target storage platform, to which the backup data is exported.

In some embodiments, conversion of a file format of backup data may include the conversion of the logic aspect of the backup data, in some examples, it is the logic profile of a snapshot. The logic profile of a snapshot may be a subset of the backup data associated with the snapshot. The logic aspect of the backup data may include the associated database schema and the associated database control logic. The database control logic may include database control logic data items associated with data changes in a database, such as database stored procedures and database logic views. Stored procedures are packaged sequences of program instructions that perform specific tasks as individual units. Stored procedures are subroutines available to applications that access a database. Logic views are logical projections of the source data based on a selection of criteria. Each logic view is a logical entity of the source data that can be operated independently as if it was a physical data table. In some embodiments, the conversion of file format includes the conversion of each logic view. By integrating the database control logic into the backup data, once restored, applications may immediately run on the restored database without having to reconfigure the control logic to invoke pre-configured database functions.

In some embodiments, the cross-platform data migration system converts the first file format of the backup data in real-time into a platform-neutral file format before storing the converted backup data in the on-premises local storage, such as storage appliance 102 or storage appliance 300 of FIG. 1, as described further below. The venue where the backup data is stored may be based on user requests or based on a pre-configured automatic backup procedure.

In some embodiments, the cross-platform data migration system converts the first file format of the backup data in real-time into a platform-neutral file format before storing the converted backup data in a storage platform based on a user request. For example, a user may request the backup data, such as snapshots, to be stored in a storage platform different from the on-premises data center (e.g., the host system). Since the backup data source file format is converted into a platform-neutral file format before being stored, a user may select any storage platform without regard for the file format compatibility issues between the source and target platforms.

In some embodiments, when the selection of potential target storage platforms is known to the host system, or the on-premises data center, the cross-platform data migration system ensures the converted platform-neutral store procedures and logic views are compatible with all potential target storage platforms. This way, when the backup data is restored in the target storage platform in the event of unplanned downtime of the data center 104 (e.g., the host system), the restored database may immediately support operations of applications that require database functions that have been pre-configured in the source storage platform.

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present disclosure, examples of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. The present disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

FIG. 1 depicts one embodiment of a networked computing environment 100 in which the disclosed technology may be practiced. As depicted, the networked computing environment 100 includes a data center 104, a storage appliance 102, and a computing device 106 in communication with each other via one or more networks 128. The networked computing environment 100 may also include a plurality of computing devices interconnected through one or more networks 128. The one or more networks 128 may allow computing devices and/or storage devices to connect to and communicate with other computing devices and/or other storage devices. In some cases, the networked computing environment 100 may include other computing devices and/or other storage devices not shown. The other computing devices may include, for example, a mobile computing device, a non-mobile computing device, a server, a work-station, a laptop computer, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, or an information processing system. The other storage devices may include, for example, a storage area network storage device, a networked-attached storage device, a hard disk drive, a solid-state drive, or a data storage system.

The data center 104 may include one or more servers, such as server 200, in communication with one or more storage devices, such as storage device 108. The one or more servers may also be in communication with one or more storage appliances, such as storage appliance 102. The server 200, storage device 108, and storage appliance 300 may be in communication with each other via a networking fabric connecting servers and data storage units within the data center 104 to each other. The storage appliance 300 may include a data management system for backing up virtual machines and files within a virtualized infrastructure. In some embodiments, the storage appliance 300 may include a cross-platform data migration system for managing file format conversion for backup data generated by the data management system. In some embodiments, the cross-platform data migration system is integrated into the data management system to provide functions including backing up virtual machines and files, and converting the file format of the backup data into a platform-neutral format before storing the data either in the on-premises database (e.g., the storage device 108), or in a database of a third-party storage platform (not shown). The server 200 may be used to create and manage one or more virtual machines associated with a virtualized infrastructure.

The one or more virtual machines may run various applications, such as a database application or a web server. The storage device 108 may include one or more hardware storage devices for storing data, such as a hard disk drive (HDD), a magnetic tape drive, a solid-state drive (SSD), a storage area network (SAN) storage device, or a Networked-Attached Storage (NAS) device. In some cases, a data center, such as data center 104, may include thousands of servers and/or data storage devices in communication with each other. The one or more data storage devices 108 may comprise a tiered data storage infrastructure (or a portion of a tiered data storage infrastructure). The tiered data storage infrastructure may allow for the movement of data across different tiers of a data storage infrastructure between higher-cost, higher-performance storage devices solid-state drives and hard disk drives) and relatively lower-cost, lower-performance storage devices (e.g., magnetic tape drives).

The one or more networks 128 may include a secure network such as an enterprise private network, an unsecure network such as a wireless open network, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), and the Internet. The one or more networks 128 may include a cellular network, a mobile network, a wireless network, or a wired network. Each network of the one or more networks 128 may include hubs, bridges, routers, switches, and wired transmission media such as a direct-wired connection. The one or more networks 128 may include an extranet or other private network for securely sharing information or providing controlled access to applications or files.

A server, such as server 200, may allow a client to download information or files (e.g., executable, text, application, audio, image, or video files) from the server 200 or to perform a search query related to particular information stored on the server 200. In some cases, a server may act as an application server or a file server. In general, server 200 may refer to a hardware device that acts as the host in a client-server relationship or a software process that shares a resource with or performs work for one or more clients.

One embodiment of server 200 includes a network interface 110, processor 112, memory 114, disk 116, and virtualization manager 118 all in communication with each other. Network interface 110 allows server 200 to connect to one or more networks 128. Network interface 110 may include a wireless network interface and/or a wired network interface. Processor 112 allows server 200 to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory 114 in order to perform processes described herein. Processor 112 may include one or more processing units, such as one or more CPUs and/or one or more GPUs. Memory 114 may comprise one or more types of memory (e.g., RAM, SRAM, DRAM, ROM, EEPROM, Flash, etc.). Disk 116 may include a hard disk drive and/or a solid-state drive. Memory 114 and disk 116 may comprise hardware storage devices.

The virtualization manager 118 may manage a virtualized infrastructure and perform management operations associated with the virtualized infrastructure. The virtualization manager 118 may manage the provisioning of virtual machines running within the virtualized infrastructure and provide an interface to computing devices interacting with the virtualized infrastructure. In one example, the virtualization manager 118 may set a virtual machine having a virtual disk into a frozen state in response to a snapshot request made via an application programming interface (API) by a storage appliance, such as storage appliance 300. Setting the virtual machine into a frozen state may allow a point-in-time snapshot of the virtual machine to be stored or transferred. In one example, updates made to a virtual machine that has been set into a frozen state may be written to a separate file (e.g., an update file) while the virtual disk may be set into a read-only state to prevent modifications to the virtual disk file while the virtual machine is in the frozen state.

The virtualization manager 118 may then transfer backup data associated with the virtual machine to a storage appliance (e.g., a storage appliance 102 or storage appliance 300 of FIG. 1, described further below) in response to a request made by a user via the storage appliance. For example, the backup data may include an image of the virtual machine (e.g., base snapshot) or a portion of the image of the virtual disk file (e.g., incremental snapshot) associated with the state of the virtual disk at the point in time when it is frozen. In some embodiments, the cross-platform data migration system may convert the file format associated with the backup data into a platform-neutral file format before storing the backup data in the platform-neutral file format in the storage appliance.

In some embodiments, after the data associated with the point in time snapshot of the virtual machine has been transferred to the storage appliance 300, the virtual machine may be released from the frozen state (i.e., unfrozen) and the updates made to the virtual machine and stored in the separate file may be merged into the virtual disk file. The virtualization manager 118 may perform various virtual machine-related tasks, such as cloning virtual machines, creating new virtual machines, monitoring the state of virtual machines, moving virtual machines between physical hosts for load balancing purposes, and facilitating backups of virtual machines.

One embodiment of a storage appliance 300 (or storage appliance 102) includes a network interface 120, processor 122, memory 124, and disk 126 all in communication with each other. Network interface 120 allows storage appliance 300 to connect to one or more networks 128. Network interface 120 may include a wireless network interface and/or a wired network interface. Processor 122 allows storage appliance 300 to execute computer-readable instructions stored in memory 124 in order to perform processes described herein. Processor 122 may include one or more processing units, such as one or more CPUs and/or one or more GPUs. Memory 124 may comprise one or more types of memory (e.g., RAM, SRAM, DRAM, ROM, EEPROM, NOR Flash, NAND Flash, etc.). Disk 126 may include a hard disk drive and/or a solid-state drive. Memory 124 and disk 126 may comprise hardware storage devices.

In some embodiments, the storage appliance 300 may include four machines. Each of the four machines may include a multi-core CPU, 64 GB of RAM, a 400 GB SSD, three 4 TB HDDs, and a network interface controller. In this case, the four machines may be in communication with one or more networks 128 via the four network interface controllers. The four machines may comprise four nodes of a server cluster. The server cluster may comprise a set of physical machines that are connected together via a network. The server cluster may be used for storing data associated with a plurality of virtual machines, such as backup data associated with different point-in-time versions of the virtual machines.

The networked computing environment 100 may provide a cloud computing environment for one or more computing devices. Cloud computing may refer to Internet-based computing, wherein shared resources, software, and/or information may be provided to one or more computing devices on-demand via the Internet. The networked computing environment 100 may comprise a cloud computing environment providing Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) or Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) services. SaaS may refer to a software distribution model in which applications are hosted by a service provider and made available to end-users over the Internet. In some embodiments, the networked computing environment 100 may include a virtualized infrastructure that provides software, data processing, and/or data storage services to end-users accessing the services via the networked computing environment 100. In one example, networked computing environment 100 may provide cloud-based work productivity or business-related applications to a computing device, such as computing device 106. The storage appliance 102 may comprise a cloud-based data management system for backing up virtual machines and/or files within a virtualized infrastructure, such as virtual machines running on server 200/or files stored on server 200.

In some cases, networked computing environment 100 may provide remote access to secure applications and files stored within data center 104 from a remote computing device, such as computing device 106. The data center 104 may use an access control application to manage remote access to protected resources, such as protected applications, databases, or files located within the data center 104. To facilitate remote access to secure applications and files, a secure network connection may be established using a virtual private network (VPN). A VPN connection may allow a remote computing device, such as computing device 106, to securely access data from a private network (e.g., from a company file server or mail server) using an unsecure public network or the Internet. The VPN connection may require client-side software (e.g., running on the remote computing device) to establish and maintain the VPN connection. The VPN client software may provide data encryption and encapsulation prior to the transmission of secure private network traffic through the Internet.

In some embodiments, the storage appliance 300 may manage the extraction and storage of virtual machine snapshots associated with different point in time versions of one or more virtual machines running within the data center 104. A snapshot of a virtual machine may correspond with a state of the virtual machine at a particular point in time. In response to a restore command from the storage device 108, the storage appliance 300 may restore a point-in-time version of a virtual machine (e.g., base snapshot) or restore point-in-time versions of one or more files located on the virtual machine (e.g., incremental snapshot) and transmit the restored data to the server 200. In response to a mount command from the server 200, the storage appliance 300 may allow a point-in-time version of a virtual machine to be mounted and allow the server 200 to read and/or modify data associated with the point-in-time version of the virtual machine. To improve storage density, the storage appliance 300 may deduplicate and compress data associated with different versions of a virtual machine and/or deduplicate and compress data associated with different virtual machines. To improve system performance, the storage appliance 300 may first store virtual machine snapshots received from a virtualized environment in a cache, such as a flash-based cache. The cache may also store popular data or frequently accessed data (e.g., based on a history of virtual machine restorations, incremental files associated with commonly restored virtual machine versions) and current day incremental files or incremental files corresponding with snapshots captured within the past 24 hours.

In some embodiments, the cross-platform data migration system in the software layer of the storage appliance 300 may instruct a third-party storage platform to restore a virtual machine on the third-party platform using the stored backup data that are associated with all of the databases used by the virtual machine in the cluster at the time the backup data was captured. With the database control logic data items encoded in the backup data in the platform-neutral format, a client or a user may immediately run applications on the restored virtual machine on the third-party storage platform to perform functions that had been pre-programmed in the backed-up databases.

An incremental file may comprise a forward incremental file or a reverse incremental file. A forward incremental file may include a set of data representing changes that have occurred since an earlier point-in-time snapshot of a virtual machine. To generate a snapshot of the virtual machine corresponding with a forward incremental file, the forward incremental file may be combined with an earlier point-in-time snapshot of the virtual machine (e.g., the forward incremental file may be combined with the last full image of the virtual machine that was captured before the forward incremental file was captured and any other forward incremental files that were captured subsequent to the last full image and prior to the forward incremental file). A reverse incremental file may include a set of data representing changes from a later point-in-time snapshot of a virtual machine. To generate a snapshot of the virtual machine corresponding with a reverse incremental file, the reverse incremental file may be combined with a later point-in-time snapshot of the virtual machine (e.g., the reverse incremental file may be combined with the most recent snapshot of the virtual machine and any other reverse incremental files that were captured prior to the most recent snapshot and subsequent to the reverse incremental file).

The storage appliance 300 may provide a user interface (e.g., a web-based interface or a graphical user interface) that displays virtual machine backup information such as identifications of the virtual machines protected and the historical versions or time machine views for each of the virtual machines protected. A time machine view of a virtual machine may include snapshots of the virtual machine over a plurality of points in time. Each snapshot may comprise the state of the virtual machine at a particular point in time. Each snapshot may correspond with a different version of the virtual machine (e.g., Version 1 of a virtual machine may correspond with the state of the virtual machine at a first point in time and Version 2 of the virtual machine may correspond with the state of the virtual machine at a second point in time subsequent to the first point in time).

The user interface may enable an end-user of the storage appliance 300 (e.g., a system administrator or a virtualization administrator) to select a particular version of a virtual machine to be restored or mounted. When a particular version of a virtual machine has been mounted, the particular version may be accessed by a client (e.g., a virtual machine, a physical machine, or a computing device) as if the particular version was local to the client. A mounted version of a virtual machine may correspond with a mount point directory (e.g., /snapshots/VM5Nersion23). In one example, the storage appliance 300 may run an NFS server and make the particular version (or a copy of the particular version) of the virtual machine accessible for reading and/or writing. The end-user of the storage appliance 300 may then select the particular version to be mounted and run an application (e.g., a data analytics application) using the mounted version of the virtual machine. In another example, the particular version may be mounted as an iSCSI target.

FIG. 2 depicts one embodiment of server 200 of FIG. 1. The server 200 may comprise one server out of a plurality of servers that are networked together within a data center (e.g., data center 104). In one example, the plurality of servers may be positioned within one or more server racks within the data center. As depicted, the server 200 includes hardware-level components and software-level components. The hardware-level components include one or more processors 202, one or more memory 204, and one or more disks 206. The software-level components include a hypervisor 208, a virtualized infrastructure manager 222, and one or more virtual machines, such as virtual machine 220. The hypervisor 208 may comprise a native hypervisor or a hosted hypervisor. The hypervisor 208 may provide a virtual operating platform for running one or more virtual machines, such as virtual machine 220. Virtual machine 220 includes a plurality of virtual hardware devices including a virtual processor 210, a virtual memory 212, and a virtual disk 214. The virtual disk 214 may comprise a file stored within the one or more disks 206. In one example, a virtual machine 220 may include a plurality of virtual disks 214, with each virtual disk of the plurality of virtual disks 214 associated with a different file stored on the one or more disks 206. Virtual machine 220 may include a guest operating system 216 that runs one or more applications, such as application 218.

The virtualized infrastructure manager 222, which may correspond with the virtualization manager 118 in FIG. 1, may run on a virtual machine or natively on the server 200. The virtual machine may, for example, be or include the virtual machine 220 or a virtual machine separate from the server 200. Other arrangements are possible. The virtualized infrastructure manager 222 may provide a centralized platform for managing a virtualized infrastructure that includes a plurality of virtual machines. The virtualized infrastructure manager 222 may manage the provisioning of virtual machines running within the virtualized infrastructure and provide an interface to computing devices interacting with the virtualized infrastructure. The virtualized infrastructure manager 222 may perform various virtualized infrastructure related tasks, such as cloning virtual machines, creating new virtual machines, monitoring the state of virtual machines, and facilitating backups of virtual machines.

In some embodiments, the server 200 may use the virtualized infrastructure manager 222 to facilitate backups for a plurality of virtual machines (e.g., eight different virtual machines) running on the server 200. Each virtual machine running on the server 200 may run its own guest operating system and its own set of applications. Each virtual machine running on the server 200 may store its own set of files using one or more virtual disks associated with the virtual machine (e.g., each virtual machine may include two virtual disks that are used for storing data associated with the virtual machine).

In some embodiments, a data management application running on a storage appliance, such as storage appliance 102 in FIG. 1 or storage appliance 300 in FIG. 1, may request a snapshot of a virtual machine running on server 200. The snapshot of the virtual machine may be stored as one or more files, with each file associated with a virtual disk of the virtual machine. A snapshot of a virtual machine may correspond with a state of the virtual machine at a particular point in time. The particular point in time may be associated with a time stamp. In one example, a first snapshot of a virtual machine may correspond with a first state of the virtual machine (including the state of applications and files stored on the virtual machine) at a first point in time and a second snapshot of the virtual machine may correspond with a second state of the virtual machine at a second point in time subsequent to the first point in time.

In response to a request for a snapshot of a virtual machine at a particular point in time, the virtualized infrastructure manager 222 may set the virtual machine into a frozen state or store a copy of the virtual machine at the particular point in time. The virtualized infrastructure manager 222 may then transfer data associated with the virtual machine (e.g., an image of the virtual machine or a portion of the image of the virtual machine) to the storage appliance 300 or storage appliance 102. The data (e.g., backup data) associated with the virtual machine may include a set of files including a virtual disk file storing contents of a virtual disk of the virtual machine at the particular point in time and a virtual machine configuration file (e.g., database schema and database control logic data items) storing configuration settings for the virtual machine at the particular point in time. The contents of the virtual disk file may include the operating system used by the virtual machine, local applications stored on the virtual disk, and user files (e.g., images and word processing documents). In some cases, the virtualized infrastructure manager 222 may transfer a full image of the virtual machine to the storage appliance 102 or storage appliance 300 of FIG. 1 or a plurality of data blocks corresponding with the full image (e.g., to enable a full image-level backup of the virtual machine to be stored on the storage appliance). In other cases, the virtualized infrastructure manager 222 may transfer a portion of an image of the virtual machine associated with data that has changed since an earlier point in time prior to the particular point in time or since a last snapshot of the virtual machine was taken. In one example, the virtualized infrastructure manager 222 may transfer only data associated with virtual blocks stored on a virtual disk of the virtual machine that have changed since the last snapshot of the virtual machine was taken. In some embodiments, the data management application may specify a first point in time and a second point in time and the virtualized infrastructure manager 222 may output one or more virtual data blocks associated with the virtual machine that have been modified between the first point in time and the second point in time.

In some embodiments, the server 200 or the hypervisor 208 may communicate with a storage appliance, such as storage appliance 102 in FIG. 1 or storage appliance 300 in FIG. 1, using a distributed file system protocol such as Network File System (NFS) Version 3, or Server Message Block (SMB) protocol. The distributed file system protocol may allow the server 200 or the hypervisor 208 to access, read, write, or modify files stored on the storage appliance as if the files were locally stored on the server 200. The distributed file system protocol may allow the server 200 or the hypervisor 208 to mount a directory or a portion of file system located within the storage appliance.

FIG. 3 depicts one embodiment of storage appliance 300 in FIG. 1. The storage appliance may include a plurality of physical machines and virtual machines that may act in concert as a single computing system. Each physical machine of the plurality of physical machines may comprise a node in a cluster. In one example, the storage appliance may be positioned within a server rack within a data center. As depicted, the storage appliance 300 includes hardware-level components and software-level components. The hardware-level components include one or more physical machines, such as physical machine 334 and physical machine 324. The physical machine 334 includes a network interface 316, processor 318, memory 320, and disk 322 all in communication with each other. Processor 318 allows physical machine 334 to execute computer readable instructions stored in memory 320 to perform processes described herein. Disk 322 may include a hard disk drive and/or a solid-state drive. The physical machine 324 includes a network interface 326, processor 328, memory 330, and disk 332 all in communication with each other. Processor 328 allows physical machine 324 to execute computer readable instructions stored in memory 330 to perform processes described herein. Disk 332 may include a hard disk drive and/or a solid-state drive. In some cases, disk 332 may include a flash-based SSD or a hybrid HDD/SSD drive. In some embodiments, the storage appliance 300 may include a plurality of physical machines arranged in a cluster (e.g., eight machines in a cluster). Each of the plurality of physical machines may include a plurality of multi-core CPUs, 108 GB of RAM, a 500 GB SSD, four 4 TB HDDs, and a network interface controller.

In some embodiments, the plurality of physical machines may be used to implement a cluster-based network file server. The cluster-based network file server may neither require nor use a front-end load balancer. One issue with using a front-end load balancer to host the IP address for the cluster-based network file server and to forward requests to the nodes of the cluster-based network file server is that the front-end load balancer comprises a single point of failure for the cluster-based network file server. In some cases, the file system protocol used by a server, such as server 200 in FIG. 1, or a hypervisor, such as hypervisor 208 in FIG. 2, to communicate with the storage appliance 300 may not provide a failover mechanism (e.g., NFS Version 3). In the case that no failover mechanism is provided on the client side, the hypervisor may not be able to connect to a new node within a cluster in the event that the node connected to the hypervisor fails.

In some embodiments, each node in a cluster may be connected to each other via a network and may be associated with one or more IP addresses (e.g., two different IP addresses may be assigned to each node). In one example, each node in the cluster may be assigned a permanent IP address and a floating IP address and may be accessed using either the permanent IP address or the floating IP address. In this case, a hypervisor, such as hypervisor 208 in FIG. 2, may be configured with a first floating IP address associated with a first node in the cluster. The hypervisor may connect to the cluster using the first floating IP address. In one example, the hypervisor may communicate with the cluster using the NFS Version 3 protocol. Each node in the cluster may run a Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) daemon. A daemon may comprise a background process. Each VRRP daemon may include a list of all floating IP addresses available within the cluster. In the event that the first node associated with the first floating IP address fails, one of the VRRP daemons may automatically assume or pick up the first floating IP address if no other VRRP daemon has already assumed the first floating IP address. Therefore, if the first node in the cluster fails or otherwise goes down, then one of the remaining VRRP daemons running on the other nodes in the cluster may assume the first floating IP address that is used by the hypervisor for communicating with the cluster.

In order to determine which of the other nodes in the cluster will assume the first floating IP address, a VRRP priority may be established. In one example, given a number (N) of nodes in a cluster from node(0) to node(N−1), for a floating IP address (i), the VRRP priority of nodeG) may be G-i) modulo N. In another example, given a number (N) of nodes in a cluster from node(0) to node(N−1), for a floating IP address (i), the VRRP priority of nodeG) may be (i-j) modulo N. In these cases, nodeG) will assume floating IP address (i) only if its VRRP priority is higher than that of any other node in the cluster that is alive and announcing itself on the network. Thus, if a node fails, then there may be a clear priority ordering for determining which other node in the cluster will take over the failed node's floating IP address.

In some cases, a cluster may include a plurality of nodes and each node of the plurality of nodes may be assigned a different floating IP address. In this case, a first hypervisor may be configured with a first floating IP address associated with a first node in the cluster, a second hypervisor may be configured with a second floating IP address associated with a second node in the cluster, and a third hypervisor may be configured with a third floating IP address associated with a third node in the cluster.

As depicted in FIG. 3, the software-level components of the storage appliance 300 may include data management system 302, cross-platform data migration system 314, a virtualization interface 304, a distributed job scheduler 308, a distributed metadata store 310, a distributed file system 312, and one or more virtual machine search indexes, such as virtual machine search index 306. In some embodiments, the cross-platform data migration system 314 may be a software-level component of a storage appliance 300 in a networked computing environment 100. In some embodiments, the cross-platform data migration system may be integrated into a data management system for managing the complete workflow of data migration as explained further in FIG. 3.

In some embodiments, the software-level components of the storage appliance 300 may be run using a dedicated hardware-based appliance. In another embodiment, the software-level components of the storage appliance 300 may be run from the cloud (e.g., the software-level components may be installed on a cloud service provider).

In some cases, the data storage across a plurality of nodes in a cluster (e.g., the data storage available from the one or more physical machine (e.g., physical machine 334 and physical machine 324)) may be aggregated and made available over a single file system namespace (e.g., /snapshots/). A directory for each virtual machine protected using the storage appliance 300 may be created (e.g., the directory for Virtual Machine A may be /snapshots/VM_A). Snapshots and other data associated with a virtual machine may reside within the directory for the virtual machine. In one example, snapshots of a virtual machine may be stored in subdirectories of the directory (e.g., a first snapshot of Virtual Machine A may reside in /snapshots/VM_A/s1/ and a second snapshot of Virtual Machine A may reside in /snapshots/VM_A/s2/).

The distributed file system 312 may present itself as a single file system, in which as new physical machines or nodes are added to the storage appliance 300, the cluster may automatically discover the additional nodes and automatically increase the available capacity of the file system for storing files and other data. Each file stored in the distributed file system 312 may be partitioned into one or more chunks or shards. Each of the one or more chunks may be stored within the distributed file system 312 as a separate file. The files stored within the distributed file system 312 may be replicated or mirrored over a plurality of physical machines, thereby creating a load-balanced and fault tolerant distributed file system. In one example, storage appliance 300 may include ten physical machines arranged as a failover cluster and a first file corresponding with a snapshot of a virtual machine (e.g., /snapshots/VM_A/s1/s1.full) may be replicated and stored on three of the ten machines.

The distributed metadata store 310 may include a distributed database management system that provides high availability without a single point of failure. In some embodiments, the distributed metadata store 310 may comprise a database, such as a distributed document-oriented database. The distributed metadata store 310 may be used as a distributed key value storage system. In one example, the distributed metadata store 310 may comprise a distributed NoSQL key value store database. In some cases, the distributed metadata store 310 may include a partitioned row store, in which rows are organized into tables or other collections of related data held within a structured format within the key value store database. A table (or a set of tables) may be used to store metadata information associated with one or more files stored within the distributed file system 312. The metadata information may include the name of a file, a size of the file, file permissions associated with the file, when the file was last modified, and file mapping information associated with an identification of the location of the file stored within a cluster of physical machines. In some embodiments, a new file corresponding with a snapshot of a virtual machine may be stored within the distributed file system 312 and metadata associated with the new file may be stored within the distributed metadata store 310. The distributed metadata store 310 may also be used to store a backup schedule for the virtual machine and a list of snapshots for the virtual machine that are stored using the storage appliance 300.

In some cases, the distributed metadata store 310 may be used to manage one or more versions of a virtual machine. Each version of the virtual machine may correspond with a full image snapshot of the virtual machine stored within the distributed file system 312 or an incremental snapshot of the virtual machine (e.g., a forward incremental or reverse incremental) stored within the distributed file system 312. In some embodiments, the one or more versions of the virtual machine may correspond with a plurality of files. The plurality of files may include a single full image snapshot of the virtual machine and one or more incremental aspects derived from the single full image snapshot. The single full image snapshot of the virtual machine may be stored using a first storage device of a first type (e.g., a HDD) and the one or more incremental aspects derived from the single full image snapshot may be stored using a second storage device of a second type (e.g., an SSD). In this case, only a single full image needs to be stored and each version of the virtual machine may be generated from the single full image or the single full image combined with a subset of the one or more incremental aspects. Furthermore, each version of the virtual machine may be generated by performing a sequential read from the first storage device (e.g., reading a single file from a HDD) to acquire the full image and, in parallel, performing one or more reads from the second storage device (e.g., performing fast random reads from an SSD) to acquire the one or more incremental aspects.

The distributed job scheduler 308 may be used for scheduling backup jobs that acquire and store virtual machine snapshots for one or more virtual machines over time. The distributed job scheduler 308 may follow a backup schedule to back up an entire image of a virtual machine at a particular point in time or one or more virtual disks associated with the virtual machine at the particular point in time. In one example, the backup schedule may specify that the virtual machine be backed up at a snapshot capture frequency, such as every two hours or every 24 hours. Each backup job may be associated with one or more tasks to be performed in a sequence. Each of the one or more tasks associated with a job may be run on a particular node within a cluster. In some cases, the distributed job scheduler 308 may schedule a specific job to be run on a particular node based on data stored on the particular node. For example, the distributed job scheduler 308 may schedule a virtual machine snapshot job to be run on a node in a cluster that is used to store snapshots of the virtual machine in order to reduce network congestion.

The distributed job scheduler 308 may comprise a distributed fault tolerant job scheduler, in which jobs affected by node failures are recovered and rescheduled to be run on available nodes. In some embodiments, the distributed job scheduler 308 may be fully decentralized and implemented without the existence of a master node. The distributed job scheduler 308 may run job scheduling processes on each node in a cluster or on a plurality of nodes in the cluster. In one example, the distributed job scheduler 308 may run a first set of job scheduling processes on a first node in the cluster, a second set of job scheduling processes on a second node in the cluster, and a third set of job scheduling processes on a third node in the cluster. The first set of job scheduling processes, the second set of job scheduling processes, and the third set of job scheduling processes may store information regarding jobs, schedules, and the states of jobs using a metadata store, such as distributed metadata store 310. In the event that the first node running the first set of job scheduling processes fails (e.g., due to a network failure or a physical machine failure), the states of the jobs managed by the first set of job scheduling processes may fail to be updated within a threshold period of time (e.g., a job may fail to be completed within 30 seconds or within minutes from being started). In response to detecting jobs that have failed to be updated within the threshold period of time, the distributed job scheduler 308 may undo and restart the failed jobs on available nodes within the cluster.

The job scheduling processes running on at least a plurality of nodes in a cluster e.g., on each available node in the cluster) may manage the scheduling and execution of a plurality of jobs. The job scheduling processes may include run processes for running jobs, cleanup processes for cleaning up failed tasks, and rollback processes for rolling-back or undoing any actions or tasks performed by failed jobs. In some embodiments, the job scheduling processes may detect that a particular task for a particular job has failed and in response may perform a cleanup process to clean up or remove the effects of the particular task and then perform a rollback process that processes one or more completed tasks for the particular job in reverse order to undo the effects of the one or more completed tasks. Once the particular job with the failed task has been undone, the job scheduling processes may restart the particular job on an available node in the cluster.

The distributed job scheduler 308 may manage a job in which a series of tasks associated with the job are to be performed atomically partial execution of the series of tasks is not permitted). If the series of tasks cannot be completely executed or there is any failure that occurs to one of the series of tasks during execution (e.g., a hard disk associated with a physical machine fails or a network connection to the physical machine fails), then the state of a data management system may be returned to a state as if none of the series of tasks was ever performed. The series of tasks may correspond with an ordering of tasks for the series of tasks and the distributed job scheduler 308 may ensure that each task of the series of tasks is executed based on the ordering of tasks. Tasks that do not have dependencies with each other may be executed in parallel.

In some cases, the distributed job scheduler 308 may schedule each task of a series of tasks to be performed on a specific node in a cluster. In other cases, the distributed job scheduler 308 may schedule a first task of the series of tasks to be performed on a first node in a cluster and a second task of the series of tasks to be performed on a second node in the cluster. In these cases, the first task may have to operate on a first set of data (e.g., a first file stored in a file system) stored on the first node and the second task may have to operate on a second set of data (e.g., metadata related to the first file that is stored in a database) stored on the second node. In some embodiments, one or more tasks associated with a job may have an affinity to a specific node in a cluster.

In one example, if the one or more tasks require access to a database that has been replicated on three nodes in a cluster, then the one or more tasks may be executed on one of the three nodes. In another example, if the one or more tasks require access to multiple chunks of data associated with a virtual disk that has been replicated over four nodes in a cluster, then the one or more tasks may be executed on one of the four nodes. Thus, the distributed job scheduler 308 may assign one or more tasks associated with a job to be executed on a particular node in a cluster based on the location of data required to be accessed by the one or more tasks.

In some embodiments, the distributed job scheduler 308 may manage a first job associated with capturing and storing a snapshot of a virtual machine periodically (e.g., every 30 minutes). The first job may include one or more tasks, such as communicating with a virtualized infrastructure manager, such as the virtualized infrastructure manager 222 in FIG. 2, to create a frozen copy of the virtual machine and to transfer one or more chunks (or one or more files) associated with the frozen copy to a storage appliance, such as storage appliance 300 in FIG. 1. The one or more tasks may also include generating metadata for the one or more chunks, storing the metadata using the distributed metadata store 310, storing the one or more chunks within the distributed file system 312, and communicating with the virtualized infrastructure manager 222 that the frozen copy of the virtual machine may be unfrozen or released from a frozen state. The metadata for a first chunk of the one or more chunks may include information specifying a version of the virtual machine associated with the frozen copy, a time associated with the version (e.g., the snapshot of the virtual machine was taken at 5:30 p.m. on Jun. 29, 2018), and a file path to where the first chunk is stored within the distributed file system 92 (e.g., the first chunk is located at /snapshots/NM_B/s1/s1.chunk1). The one or more tasks may also include deduplication, compression (e.g., using a lossless data compression algorithm such as L24 or LZ77), decompression, encryption (e.g., using a symmetric key algorithm such as Triple DES or AES-256), and decryption related tasks.

The virtualization interface 304 may provide an interface for communicating with a virtualized infrastructure manager managing a virtualization infrastructure, such as virtualized infrastructure manager 222 in FIG. 2, and requesting data associated with virtual machine snapshots from the virtualization infrastructure. The virtualization interface 304 may communicate with the virtualized infrastructure manager using an Application Programming Interface (API) for accessing the virtualized infrastructure manager to communicate a request for a snapshot of a virtual machine). In this case, storage appliance 300 may request and receive data from a virtualized infrastructure without requiring agent software to be installed or running on virtual machines within the virtualized infrastructure. The virtualization interface 304 may request data associated with virtual blocks stored on a virtual disk of the virtual machine that have changed since a last snapshot of the virtual machine was taken or since a specified prior point in time. Therefore, in some cases, if a snapshot of a virtual machine is the first snapshot taken of the virtual machine, then a full image of the virtual machine may be transferred to the storage appliance. However, if the snapshot of the virtual machine is not the first snapshot taken of the virtual machine, then only the data blocks of the virtual machine that have changed since a prior snapshot was taken may be transferred to the storage appliance.

The virtual machine search index 306 may include a list of files that have been stored using a virtual machine and a version history for each of the files in the list. Each version of a file may be mapped to the earliest point-in-time snapshot of the virtual machine that includes the version of the file or to a snapshot of the virtual machine that includes the version of the file (e.g., the latest point-in-time snapshot of the virtual machine that includes the version of the file). In one example, the virtual machine search index 306 may be used to identify a version of the virtual machine that includes a particular version of a file (e.g., a particular version of a database, a spreadsheet, or a word processing document). In some cases, each of the virtual machines that are backed up or protected using storage appliance 300 may have a corresponding virtual machine search index.

In some embodiments, as each snapshot of a virtual machine is ingested, each virtual disk associated with the virtual machine is parsed in order to identify a file system type associated with the virtual disk and to extract metadata (e.g., file system metadata) for each file stored on the virtual disk. The metadata may include information for locating and retrieving each file from the virtual disk. The metadata may also include a name of a file, the size of the file, the last time at which the file was modified, and a content checksum for the file. Each file that has been added, deleted, or modified since a previous snapshot was captured may be determined using the metadata (e.g., by comparing the time at which a file was last modified with a time associated with the previous snapshot). Thus, for every file that has existed within any of the snapshots of the virtual machine, a virtual machine search index may be used to identify when the file was first created (e.g., corresponding with a first version of the file) and at what times the file was modified (e.g., corresponding with subsequent versions of the file). Each version of the file may be mapped to a particular version of the virtual machine that stores that version of the file.

In some cases, if a virtual machine includes a plurality of virtual disks, then a virtual machine search index may be generated for each virtual disk of the plurality of virtual disks. For example, a first virtual machine search index may catalog and map files located on a first virtual disk of the plurality of virtual disks and a second virtual machine search index may catalog and map files located on a second virtual disk of the plurality of virtual disks. In this case, a global file catalog or a global virtual machine search index for the virtual machine may include the first virtual machine search index and the second virtual machine search index. A global file catalog may be stored for each virtual machine backed up by a storage appliance within a file system, such as distributed file system 312 in FIG. 3.

The data management system 302 may comprise an application running on the storage appliance 300 that manages and stores one or more snapshots of a virtual machine. In one example, the data management system 302 may comprise a highest-level layer in an integrated software stack running on the storage appliance. The integrated software stack may include the data management system 302, the virtualization interface 304, the distributed job scheduler 308, the distributed metadata store 310, and the distributed file system 312.

In some cases, the integrated software stack may run on other computing devices, such as a server or computing device 106 in FIG. 1. The data management system 302 may use the virtualization interface 304, the distributed job scheduler 308, the distributed metadata store 310, and the distributed file system 312 to manage and store one or more snapshots of a virtual machine. Each snapshot of the virtual machine may correspond with a point-in-time version of the virtual machine. The data management system 302 may generate and manage a list of versions for the virtual machine. Each version of the virtual machine may map to or reference one or more chunks and/or one or more files stored within the distributed file system 312. Combined together, the one or more chunks and/or the one or more files stored within the distributed file system 312 may comprise a full image of the version of the virtual machine.

FIG. 4 shows an example cluster 400 of a distributed decentralized database, according to some example embodiments. As illustrated, the example cluster 400 includes five nodes, nodes 1-5. In some example embodiments, each of the five nodes runs from different machines, such as physical machine 334 in FIG. 3 or virtual machine 220 in FIG. 2. The nodes in the example cluster 400 can include instances of peer nodes of a distributed database (e.g., cluster-based database, distributed decentralized database management system, a NoSQL database, Apache Cassandra, DataStax, MongoDB, CouchDB), according to some example embodiments. The distributed database system is distributed in that data is sharded or distributed across the example cluster 400 in shards or chunks and decentralized in that there is no central storage device and no single point of failure. The system operates under an assumption that multiple nodes may go down, up, or become non-responsive.

In some example embodiments, data written to one of the nodes is replicated to one or more other nodes per a replication protocol of the example cluster 400. For example, data written to node 1 can be replicated to nodes 2 and 3. If node 1 prematurely terminates, node 2 and/or 3 can be used to provide the replicated data. In some example embodiments, each node of example cluster 400 frequently exchanges state information about itself and other nodes across the example cluster 400 using gossip protocol. Gossip protocol is a peer-to-peer communication protocol in which each node randomly shares (e.g., communicates, requests, transmits) location and state information about the other nodes in a given cluster.

Writing: For a given node, a sequentially written commit log captures the write activity to ensure data durability. The data is then written to an in-memory structure (e.g., a memtable, write-back cache). Each time the in-memory structure is full, the data is written to disk in a Sorted String Table data file. In some example embodiments, writes are automatically partitioned and replicated throughout the example cluster 400.

Reading: Any node of example cluster 400 can receive a read request (e.g., query) from an external client. If the node that receives the read request manages the data requested, the node provides the requested data. If the node does not manage the data, the node determines which node manages the requested data. The node that received the read request then acts as a proxy between the requesting entity and the node that manages the data (e.g., the node that manages the data sends the data to the proxy node, which then provides the data to an external entity that generated the request).

The distributed decentralized database system is decentralized in that there is no single point of failure due to the nodes being symmetrical and seamlessly replaceable. For example, whereas conventional distributed data implementations have nodes with different functions (e.g., master/slave nodes, asymmetrical database nodes, federated databases), the nodes of example cluster 400 are configured to function the same way (e.g., as symmetrical peer database nodes that communicate via gossip protocol, such as Cassandra nodes) with no single point of failure. If one of the nodes in example cluster 400 terminates prematurely (“goes down”), another node can rapidly take the place of the terminated node without disrupting service. The example cluster 400 can be a container for a keyspace, which is a container for data in the distributed decentralized database system (e.g., whereas a database is a container for containers in conventional relational databases, the Cassandra keyspace is a container for a Cassandra database system).

FIG. 5 depicts a flowchart illustrating example data migration operations in a method, according to some embodiments. The operations of process 500 may be performed by any number of different systems, such as the cross-platform data migration system 314 or the data management system 302 as described herein, or any portion thereof, such as a processor included in any of the systems.

At operation 502, the cross-platform data migration system 314 may request backup data of a virtual machine running on server 200. Specifically, system 314 may manage the extraction and storage of virtual machine backup data (e.g., snapshots) associated with different point in time versions of one or more virtual machines running within the data center 104. A snapshot of a virtual machine may correspond with a state of the virtual machine at a particular point in time, and may be stored as one or more files, with each file associated with a virtual disk of the virtual machine.

In some embodiments, the backup data may include physical data (e.g., data content) of the virtual disk and the virtual machine configuration file. The virtual machine configuration file stores configuration settings for the virtual machine at a particular point in time. The contents of the virtual disk file may include the operating system used by the virtual machine, local applications stored on the virtual disk, and user files, such as images and word processing documents. The configuration file, on the other hand, may include logic profile of the backup data, including the associated database schema and the associated database control logic data items, such as database stored procedures, and database logic views. The logic profile of the backup data is a subset of the backup data associated with the snapshot.

At operation 504, system 314 identifies the first file format associated with the backup data. A file format is a particular way to encode information for storage in a computer system. In some embodiments, a conversion of the first file format may include conversion of data content of the backup data associated with the virtual machine at a particular point in time, and may also include conversion of the logic profile of the backup data, including the associated database schema and the associated database control logic data items.

At operation 506, system 314 converts the first file format associated with the backup data into a platform-neutral file format that is compatible with any storage platform that is known to the system. The conversion includes conversion of data content of the backup data, and conversion of logic profile of the backup data. The conversion of the logic profile of the backup data at least includes conversion of database schema, database stored procedures, and database logic views.

At operation 508, system 314 may store the converted backup data in the platform-neutral file format in a storage platform. In some embodiments, the storage platform is the on-premises local storage, such as storage device 108 or storage appliance 300. The venue where the backup data is stored may be determined based on user requests or based on a pre-configured backup procedure. In some embodiments, a client or a user may request the backup data, such as snapshots, to be stored in a storage platform different from the on-premises local storage. Since the backup data source file format is converted into a platform-neutral file format on the fly before being stored, a user may choose to store the converted backup data in any storage platform without concerning the file format compatibility issues between the on-premises and target platforms.

In some embodiments, when the selection of potential target storage platforms is known to the host system, system 314 ensures the platform-neutral file format is compatible with all potential target storage platforms for selection. This way, when the backup data is restored in the target storage platform in the event of unplanned downtime (e.g., data failure, data corruption, ransomware attack, etc.) of the on-premises data center 104, the restored virtual machines may immediately support operations of applications that require database functions that have been pre-configured in the on-premises data center.

FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B depict flowcharts illustrating example file format conversion operations in a method, according to some embodiments. The operations of processes 600 may be performed by any number of different systems, such as the cross-platform data migration system 314 or the data management system 302 as described herein, or any portion thereof, such as a processor included in any of the systems.

In some embodiments, conversion of a file format of backup data may include the conversion of the logic aspect of the backup data, in some examples, the logic aspect of the backup data is the logic profile of a snapshot, including a subset of the backup data at a particular point in time. The logic aspect of the backup data may include the associated database schema and the associated database control logic. The database control logic may include database control logic data items associated with data changes in a database, such as database stored procedures and database logic views. Stored procedures are packaged sequences of program instructions that perform specific tasks as individual units. Stored procedures are subroutines available to applications that access a database. Logic views are logical projections of the source data based on a selection of criteria. Each logic view is a logical entity of the source data that can be operated independently as if it was a physical data table. In some embodiments, the conversion of file format includes the conversion of each logic view. By integrating the database control logic into the backup data, once restored, applications may immediately run on the restored database without having to reconfigure the control logic to invoke pre-configured database functions.

As illustrated in FIG. 6A, the method begins with operation 602. The system 314 identifies a database schema (e.g., the first database schema) associated with the backup data in the first file format. The first database schema associated with the backup data may be included in the logic profile of the snapshot, in conjunction with the associated database control logic data items, such as database stored procedures, and database logic views. Database schema is a set of integrity constraints imposed on a particular database to define the structure of data. Conversion of database schema associated with the backup data is required when the backup data is to be restored in another platform, so that the restored system may be able to handle Unicode strings, for example.

At operation 604, the system 314 converts the first file schema by generating a platform-neutral database schema based on the first file schema. At operation 606, the system 314 associates (or encodes) the generated platform-neutral database schema with the backup data in the platform-neutral file format before storing the converted backup data to a target storage platform. In some embodiments, when the selection of potential target storage platforms for storing backup data is known to the host system, system 314 may ensure the converted platform-neutral store procedures and logic views are compatible with all potential target storage platforms. This way, when the backup data is restored in the target storage platform in the event of unplanned downtime of the data center 104 (e.g., the host system), the restored database may immediately support operations of applications that require database functions that have been pre-configured in the source storage platform.

As illustrated in FIG. 6B, the method begins with operation 608, the system 314 identifies a first database control logic data item associated with a database of the virtual machine at the first point in time. At operation 610, system 314 generates a platform-neutral database control logic data item based on the first database control logic data item. At operation 612, system 314 associates the platform-neutral database control logic data item with the backup data in the platform-neutral file format. In some embodiments, the first database control logic data item may be a database stored procedure or a database logic view associated with the virtual machine at the first point in time. The platform-neutral database control logic data item may be a converted platform-neutral database stored procedure or a converted platform-neutral database logic view associated with the virtual machine at the first point in time. In some embodiments, the conversion of the first file format may include conversion of the data content of physical data of the virtual disk associated with the snapshot in the backup data.

In some embodiments, the first storage platform is the host system, such as the data center 104. The first storage platform is a cloud-based storage platform hosting a cloud-based database. In some embodiments, system 314 receives a client request or a user request from a computing device. The client request or the user request includes instructions of exporting the backup data in the platform-neutral format onto a cloud-based storage platform. Based on the user request, system 314 exports the backup data in the platform-neutral file format in the cloud-based storage platform at the user's request.

In some embodiments, the cloud-based storage platform corresponds to a cloud service provider (e.g., a third-party cloud service provider) different from a storage service provider of the host system, such as the data center 104. In some embodiments, the backup data includes a snapshot of the virtual machine captured at the first point in time based on a pre-determined service-level requirement, such as an SLA agreement.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram 700 illustrating an architecture of software 702, which can be installed on any one or more of the devices described above. FIG. 7 is merely a non-limiting example of a software architecture, and it will be appreciated that many other architectures can be implemented to facilitate the functionality described herein. In various embodiments, the software 702 is implemented by hardware such as a machine 800 of FIG. 8 that includes processor(s) 746, memory 748, and I/O components 750. In this example architecture, the software 702 can be conceptualized as a stack of layers where each layer may provide a particular functionality. For example, the software 702 includes layers such as an operating system 704, libraries 706, frameworks 708, and applications 710. Operationally, the applications 710 invoke API calls 712 (application programming interface) through the software stack and receive messages 714 in response to the API calls 712, consistent with some embodiments.

In various implementations, the operating system 704 manages hardware resources and provides common services. The operating system 704 includes, for example, a kernel 716, services 718, and drivers 720. The kernel 716 acts as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the other software layers, consistent with some embodiments. For example, the kernel 716 provides memory management, processor management (e.g., scheduling), component management, networking, and security settings, among other functionality. The services 718 can provide other common services for the other software layers. The drivers 720 are responsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlying hardware, according to some embodiments. For instance, the drivers 720 can include display drivers, camera drivers, BLUETOOTH® or BLUETOOTH® Low Energy drivers, flash memory drivers, serial communication drivers (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB) drivers), WI-FI® drivers, audio drivers, power management drivers, and so forth.

In some embodiments, the libraries 706 provide a low-level common infrastructure utilized by the applications 710. The libraries 706 can include system libraries 722 (e.g., C standard library) that can provide functions such as memory allocation functions, string manipulation functions, mathematic functions, and the like. In addition, the libraries 706 can include API libraries 724 such as media libraries (e.g., libraries to support presentation and manipulation of various media formats such as Moving Picture Experts Group-4 (MPEG4), Advanced Video Coding (H.264 or AVC), Moving Picture Experts Group Layer-3 (MP3), Advanced Audio Coding (AAC). Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) audio codec, Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG or JPG), or Portable Network Graphics (PNG)), graphics libraries (e.g., an OpenGL framework used to render in two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D) in a graphic content on a display), database libraries (e.g., SQLite to provide various relational database functions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit to provide web browsing functionality), and the like. The libraries 706 can also include a wide variety of other libraries 726 to provide many other APIs to the applications 710.

The frameworks 708 provide a high-level common infrastructure that can be utilized by the applications 710, according to some embodiments. For example, the frameworks 708 provide various graphic user interface (GUI) functions, high-level resource management, high-level location services, and so forth. The frameworks 708 can provide a broad spectrum of other APIs that can be utilized by the applications 710, some of which may be specific to a particular operating system or platform.

In an example embodiment, the applications 710 include built-in applications 728 and a broad assortment of other applications, such as a third-party application 744. The built-in applications 728 may include a home application, a contacts application, a browser application, a book reader application, a location application, a media application, a messaging application, a game application. According to some embodiments, the applications 710 are programs that execute functions defined in the programs. Various programming languages can be employed to create one or more of the applications 710, structured in a variety of manners, such as object-oriented programming languages (e.g., Objective-C, Java, or C++) or procedural programming languages (e.g., C or assembly language). In a specific example, the third-party application 744 (e.g., an application developed using the ANDROID™ or IOS™ software development kit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendor of the particular platform) may be mobile software running on a mobile operating system such as IOS™, ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or another mobile operating system. In this example, the third-party application 744 can invoke the API calls 712 provided by the operating system 704 to facilitate functionality described herein.

FIG. 8 illustrates a diagrammatic representation of a machine 800 in the form of a computer system within which a set of instructions may be executed for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, according to an example embodiment. Specifically, FIG. 8 shows a diagrammatic representation of the machine 800 in the example form of a computer system, within which instructions 806 (e.g., software, a program, an application, an apples, an app, or other executable code) for causing the machine 800 to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein may be executed. Additionally, or alternatively, the instructions 806 may implement the operations of the method shown in FIG. 5, or as elsewhere described herein.

The instructions 806 transform the general, non-programmed machine 800 into a particular machine 800 programmed to carry out the described and illustrated functions in the manner described. In alternative embodiments, the machine 800 operates as a standalone device or may be coupled (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine 800 may operate in the capacity of a server machine or a client machine in a server-client network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The machine 800 may comprise, but not be limited to, a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a netbook, a set-top box (STB), a PDA, an entertainment media system, a cellular telephone, a smart phone, a mobile device, a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch), a smart home device (e.g., a smart appliance), other smart devices, a web appliance, a network router, a network switch, a network bridge, or any machine capable of executing the instructions 806, sequentially or otherwise, that specify actions to be taken by the machine 800. Further, while only a single machine 800 is illustrated, the term “machine” shall also be taken to include a collection of machines 800 that individually or jointly execute the instructions 806 to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein.

The machine 800 may include processor(s) 746, memory 748, and I/O components 750, which may be configured to communicate with each other such as via a bus 802. In an example embodiment, the processor(s) 746 (e.g., a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an ASIC, a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC), another processor, or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, a processor 804 and a processor 808 that may execute the instructions 806. The term “processor” is intended to include multi-core processors that may comprise two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously. Although FIG. 8 shows multiple processor(s) 746, the machine 800 may include a single processor with a single core, a single processor with multiple cores (e.g., a multi-core processor), multiple processors with a single core, multiple processors with multiples cores, or any combination thereof.

The memory 748 may include a main memory 810, a static memory 812, and a storage unit 814, each accessible to the processor(s) 746 such as via the bus 802. The main memory 810, the static memory 812, and storage unit 814 store the instructions 806 embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 806 may also reside, completely or partially, within the main memory 810, within the static memory 812, within the storage unit 814, within at least one of the processor(s) 746 (e.g., within the processor's cache memory), or any suitable combination thereof, during execution thereof by the machine 800.

The I/O components 750 may include a wide variety of components to receive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information, exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/O components 750 that are included in a particular machine will depend on the type of machine. For example, portable machines such as mobile phones will likely include a touch input device or other such input mechanisms, while a headless server machine will likely not include such a touch input device. It will be appreciated that the I/O components 750 may include many other components that are not shown in FIG. 8. The I/O components 750 are grouped according to functionality merely for simplifying the following discussion and the grouping is in no way limiting. In various example embodiments, the I/O components 750 may include output components 818 and input components 820. The output components 818 may include visual components (e.g., a display such as a plasma display, panel (PDP), a light emitting diode (LED) display, a liquid crystal display (LCD), a projector, or a cathode ray tube (CRT)), acoustic components (e.g., speakers), haptic components (e.g., a vibratory motor, resistance mechanisms), other signal generators, and so forth. The input components 820 may include alphanumeric input components (e.g., a keyboard, a touch screen configured to receive alphanumeric input, a photo-optical keyboard, or other alphanumeric input components), point-based input components (e.g., a mouse, a touchpad, a trackball, a joystick, a motion sensor, or another pointing instrument), tactile input components (e.g., a physical button, a touch screen that provides location and/or force of touches or touch gestures, or other tactile input components), audio input components (e.g., a microphone), and the like.

In further example embodiments, the I/O components 750 may include biometric components 822, motion components 824, environmental components 826, or position components 828, among a wide array of other components. For example, the biometric components 822 may include components to detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye tracking), measure biosignals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, perspiration, or brain waves), identify a person (e.g., voice identification, retinal identification, facial identification, fingerprint identification, or electroencephalogram-based identification), and the like. The motion components 824 may include acceleration sensor components (e.g., accelerometer), gravitation sensor components, rotation sensor components (e.g., gyroscope), and so forth. The environmental components 826 may include, for example, illumination sensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensor components (e.g., one or more thermometers that detect ambient temperature), humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g., barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphones that detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g., infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gas detection sensors to detection concentrations of hazardous gases for safety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other components that may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding to a surrounding physical environment. The position components 828 may include location sensor components (e.g., a GPS receiver component), altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters or barometers that detect air pressure from which altitude may be derived), orientation sensor components (e.g., magnetometers), and the like.

Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies. The I/O components 750 may include communication components 830 operable to couple the machine 800 to a network 836 or devices 832 via a coupling 838 and a coupling 834, respectively. For example, the communication components 830 may include a network interface component or another suitable device to interface with the network 836. In further examples, the communication components 830 may include wired communication components, wireless communication components, cellular communication components, Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components to provide communication via other modalities. The devices 832 may be another machine or any of a wide variety of peripheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a USB).

Moreover, the communication components 830 may detect identifiers or include components operable to detect identifiers. For example, the communication components 830 may include Radio Frequency Identification (MID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components, optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detect one-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code, multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Aztec code, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2D bar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components (e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, a variety of information may be derived via the communication components 830, such as location via Internet Protocol (IP) geolocation, location via Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting an NFC beacon signal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth.

The various memories (i.e., memory 748, main memory 810, and/or static memory 812) and/or storage unit 814 may store one or more sets of instructions and data structures (e.g., software) embodying or utilized by any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. These instructions (e.g., the instructions 806), when executed by processor(s) 746, cause various operations to implement the disclosed embodiments.

As used herein, the terms “machine-storage medium.” “device-storage medium,” “computer-storage medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure. The terms refer to a single or multiple storage devices and/or media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store executable instructions and/or data. The terms shalt accordingly be taken to include, but not be limited to, solid-state memories, and optical and magnetic media, including memory internal or external to processors. Specific examples of machine-storage media, computer-storage media and/or device-storage media include non-volatile memory, including by way of example semiconductor memory devices, e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), FPGA, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The terms “machine-storage media,” “computer-storage media,” and “device-storage media” specifically exclude carrier waves, modulated data signals, and other such media, at least some of which are covered under the term “signal medium” discussed below.

In various example embodiments, one or more portions of the network 836 may be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a VPN, a LAN, a WLAN, a WAN, a WWAN, a MAN, the Internet, a portion of the Internet, a portion of the PSTN, a plain old telephone service (POTS) network, a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi® network, another type of network, or a combination of two or more such networks. For example, the network 836 or a portion of the network 836 may include a wireless or cellular network, and the coupling 838 may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) connection, or another type of cellular or wireless coupling. In this example, the coupling 838 may implement any of a variety of types of data transfer technology, such as Single Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (1×RTT), Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) technology, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology, third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourth generation wireless (4G) networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard, others defined by various standard-setting organizations, other long range protocols, or other data transfer technology.

The instructions 806 may be transmitted or received over the network 836 using a transmission medium via a network interface device (e.g., a network interface component included in the communication components 830) and utilizing any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols (e.g., hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)). Similarly, the instructions 806 may be transmitted or received using a transmission medium via the coupling 834 (e.g., a peer-to-peer coupling) to the devices 832. The terms “non-transitory computer-readable storage medium,” “transmission medium” and “signal medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure. The terms “transmission medium” and “signal medium” shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying the instructions 806 for execution by the machine 800, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such software. Hence, the terms “transmission medium” and “signal medium” shall be taken to include any form of modulated data signal, carrier wave, and so forth. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a matter as to encode information in the signal.

The terms “machine-readable medium,” “computer-readable medium” and “device-readable medium” mean the same thing and may be used interchangeably in this disclosure. The terms are defined to include both machine-storage media and transmission media. Thus, the terms include both storage devices/media and carrier waves/modulated data signals.

Although examples have been described with reference to specific example embodiments or methods, it will be evident that various modifications and changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader scope of the embodiments. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. The accompanying drawings that form a part hereof, show by way of illustration, and not of limitation, specific embodiments in which the subject matter may be practiced. The embodiments illustrated are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the teachings disclosed herein. Other embodiments may be utilized and derived therefrom, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This detailed description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of various embodiments is defined only by the appended claims, along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

Such embodiments of the inventive subject matter may be referred to herein, individually and/or collectively, by the term “invention” merely for convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to any single invention or inventive concept if more than one is in fact disclosed. Thus, although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that any arrangement calculated to achieve the same purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all adaptations or variations of various embodiments. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the above description. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method, comprising: generating, at a first point in time, backup data of a virtual machine in a host system; identifying a first file format associated with the backup data; converting the first file format associated with the backup data into a platform-neutral file format associated with the backup data; and storing the backup data in the platform-neutral file format in a first storage platform.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the converting of the first file format further comprises: identifying a first database schema associated with the backup data in the first file format; generating a platform-neutral database schema based on the first database schema; and associating the platform-neutral database schema with the backup data in the platform-neutral file format.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the converting of the first file format further comprises: identifying a first database control logic data item associated with a database of the virtual machine at the first point in time; generating a platform-neutral database control logic data item based on the first database control logic data item; and associating the platform-neutral database control logic data item with the backup data in the platform-neutral file format.
 4. The method of claim 3, wherein the first database control logic data item is a database stored procedure or a database logic view associated with the virtual machine at the first point in time.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first storage platform is the host system.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first storage platform is a cloud-based storage platform hosting a cloud-based database.
 7. The method of claim 6, further comprising: receiving a user request including exporting the backup data to the cloud-based storage platform; and based on the user request, exporting the backup data in the platform-neutral file format in the cloud-based storage platform.
 8. The method of claim 6, wherein the cloud-based storage platform corresponds to a cloud service provider different from a storage service provider of the host system.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein the backup data includes a snapshot of the virtual machine captured at the first point in time based on a pre-determined service-level requirement.
 10. A system comprising: a memory storing instructions; and one or more processors communicatively coupled to the memory and configured by the instructions to perform operations comprising: generating, at a first point in time, backup data of a virtual machine in a host system; identifying a first file format associated with the backup data; converting the first file format associated with the backup data into a platform-neutral file format associated with the backup data; and storing the backup data in the platform-neutral file format in a first storage platform.
 11. The system of claim 10, the one or more processors configured to perform operations of converting the first file format, further comprising: identifying a first database schema associated with the backup data in the first file format; generating a platform-neutral database schema based on the first database schema; and associating the platform-neutral database schema with the backup data in the platform-neutral file format.
 12. The system of claim 10, the one or more processors configured to perform operations of converting the first file format, further comprising: identifying a first database control logic data item associated with a database of the virtual machine at the first point in time; generating a platform-neutral database control logic data item based on the first database control logic data item; and associating the platform-neutral database control logic data item with the backup data in the platform-neutral file format.
 13. The system of claim 12, wherein the first database control logic data item is a database stored procedure or a database logic view associated with the virtual machine at the first point in time.
 14. The system of claim 10, wherein the first storage platform is the host system.
 15. The system of claim 10, wherein the first storage platform is a cloud-based storage platform hosting a cloud-based database.
 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the one or more processors further perform operations comprising: receiving a user request including exporting the backup data to the cloud-based storage platform; and based on the user request, exporting the backup data in the platform-neutral file format in the cloud-based storage platform.
 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the cloud-based storage platform corresponds to a cloud service provider different from a storage service provider of the host system.
 18. A machine-readable non-transitory storage medium having instruction data executable by a machine to cause the machine to perform operations comprising: generating, at a first point in time, backup data of a virtual machine in a host system; identifying a first file format associated with the backup data; converting the first file format associated with the backup data into a platform-neutral file format associated with the backup data; and storing the backup data in the platform-neutral file format in a first storage platform.
 19. The machine-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 18, where the instruction data executable by the machine to cause the machine to perform operations of converting the first file format further comprising: identifying a first database schema associated with the backup data in the first file format; generating a platform-neutral database schema based on the first database schema; and associating the platform-neutral database schema with the backup data in the platform-neutral file format.
 20. The machine-readable non-transitory storage medium of claim 18, where the instruction data executable by the machine to cause the machine to perform operations of converting the first file format further comprising: identifying a first database control logic data item associated with a database of the virtual machine at the first point in time; generating a platform-neutral database control logic data item based on the first database control logic data item; and associating the platform-neutral database control logic data item with the backup data in the platform-neutral file format. 